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Portuguese presence in Goa provoked deep changes in social and religious aspects of the local life. Within the ‘New Conquests’, the Goan territories conquered by the Portuguese in the second half of the eighteenth century, the freedom of practising religion was respected. Here, during the…
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Portuguese presence in Goa induced profound changes in the the social and religious aspects of local life. The possession of the actual state of Goa by the Portuguese was made in two very distinct phases: while the so-called old conquest, comprising the actual talukas of Tiswadi, Bardez and Salcete…
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Portuguese presence in Goa provoked deep changes in the social and religious aspects of local life. While part of the actual state of Goa was conquered in the beginning of the sixteenth century, the larger area of the territory came under Portuguese administration only in the eighteenth century.…
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The four Swetambara Jain temples in Manicktala, Kolkata, are prime examples of the hybrid visual language that became popular in colonised India. Built over the second half of the nineteenth century, these temples show an overwhelming influence of European art and architectural styles combined with…
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In the second half of the nineteenth century, a Swetambara Jain temple cluster was built in Manicktala, Calcutta (now Kolkata). The first temple of this cluster, the Shitalnath temple, was built in 1867 and was dedicated to the twenty-third Jain tirthankara Parsvanath, while the mul nayaka (main…
in Overview
Calcutta (now Kolkata), ever since its inception in 1690, has attracted seekers of fortune. By the late eighteenth century, it had become a thriving trade centre of the British Empire, inviting people from different regions, religions, communities and ethnicities to come and be a part of the city’s…
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