Atinderpal Singh
Patiala, once a princely state of Punjab, was established as an independent riyasat (principality) that managed to maintain positive relations with the East India Company. Patiala’s maharajas were thus able to provide adequate patronage to social, economic, and modern reforms as well as various…
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Ashok Panda
Pondicherry, established in the seventeenth-century as a trading outpost of the French East India Company, evolved into France’s most enduring colonial settlement on the Coromandel Coast. Though controlled at various intervals by the Dutch and the British, it remained under French administration…
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T. Ganesan
Though Puducherry is often viewed through the lens of its French colonial past, the region’s sacred history predates European arrival by many centuries. Located between Tondaimandalam and Cholamandalam, it became part of the Chola realm in the eleventh-century CE, inheriting a tradition of temple…
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